Series Resistance of Silicon Millimeter Wave (Ka-band) IMPATT Diodes

The paper describe a computer-based method to calculate the series resistance Rs of a millimeter wave Ka-band packaged IMPATT diode from small signal conductance-susceptance characteristics. The series resistance Rs has been calculated at the threshold condition when the small signal conductance of the packaged diode just becomes negative and the device susceptance becomes positive. Again, the value of series resistance Rs has been determined from the measurement of threshold current and threshold frequency with the silicon Ka-band IMPATT diode embedded in a resonant cap cavity which agrees well with the values obtained by the computer method.Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(2), pp.189-193, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.150

Women and Environmental: The Analysis of Correlation and Causation

According to World Bank (1991), “Women play an essential role in the management of natural resources including soil, forests and energy…and often have a profound traditional and contemporary knowledge of the natural world around them. Since the day of sketching of civilization on Earth, the man-environment relationship has been started its journey. Though the yarn of relationship was started with the nourishing of maternal society yet the invention of Agriculture eroded the empowerment of women in environment. But in recent people are conscious about their environmental degradation and to cope this phase they feel about the contribution of women. In this respect on 1975 (International Women Day) a conference was conducted on the topic ‘Women & Environment’ in Mexico. Eco-feminists are realizing the importance of women to manage the environment in sustainable way. Since the Neolithic time women have engaged themselves in agriculture with the natural manure system, which was pure application for environment. Women’s have multiple relations to their environments- natural, built and social - from feminist and anti-racist perspectives. UNEP hopes that Women and the Environment will inspire the environmental and sustainable development community to better understand the importance of gender, and to integrate a gender perspective across all of its work. Women comprises over half the world’s population. They make a major contribution to the well-being and sustainable development of their communities and nations, and to the maintenance of the earth’s ecosystem, biodiversity, natural resources and folk-resources. Long before the first Earth-Day in 1970, women were playing a major role in the effort to protect the environment. Women traditionally have been responsible for the care and welfare of families, which makes them especially sensitive to the importance of clean air and safe water.As mothers they know that their bodies provide the first environment for a child, and that they will be primarily responsible for the nourishment, safety and well-being of their children. Women symbolized the life-giving and conserving aspect of human nature. That means they are the causation of environmental nourishment. Parallel the correlation is present here between women and to save the environment. What was sometimes portrayed as blind opposition to progress was actually a zeal to protect human health and the quality of life

Mechanical Tuning Properties of Waveguide-mountedResonant-cap IMPATT Oscillator at Ka-band

The paper describes the studies of the tuning properties of an indigenously developedresonant-cap continuous wave IMPATT oscillator at Ka-band by changing circuit susceptancethrough mechanical tuning. It was observed that output power of a resonant-cap IMPATToscillator passes through a maximum at a particular frequency for a given diode with an optimumcombination of cap diameter and cap height. An empirical relation has been found between capdiameter and wavelength of the optimised oscillator, which agrees with the theoretical relation.The effect of sliding short tuner position on the oscillator at optimised condition and thephenomenon of frequency jump in certain positions of sliding short have been studied

New Electronically Tunable Third Order Filters and Dual Mode Sinusoidal Oscillator Using VDTAs and Grounded Capacitors

This study introduces a third order filter and a third order oscillator configuration. Both the circuits use two voltage difference transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) and three grounded capacitors. By selecting the input and output terminals properly, current mode and transimpedance mode low-pass and band-pass filters can be obtained without component matching conditions. The natural frequency (ω0) can be tuned electronically. The oscillator circuit provides voltage and current outputs explicitly. The condition of oscillation (CO) and the frequency of oscillation (FO) can be adjusted orthogonally and electronically. The workability of the configurations is judged using TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm technology parameter as well as commercially available LM13700 integrated circuits (ICs). The simulation results show that: for ±0.9V power supply, the power consumption is 1.08 mW for both the configurations, while total harmonic distortions (THDs) are less than 2.06% and 2.17% for the filter and oscillator configurations, respectively